## Understanding Crime: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Crime has been a topic of interest across various fields. From sociologists to psychologists, criminologists to biologists and even philosophers, the reasons behind criminal behaviour have been the subject of many studies. The book “Why Crime?: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Explaining Criminal” delves into these interdisciplinary perspectives to explain the various reasons behind criminal behaviour.
One of the main reasons for criminal behaviour that the book explores is the sociological perspective. This perspective asserts that the social environment in which an individual lives plays a huge role in determining whether they engage in criminal behaviour or not. Socially disadvantaged individuals who face poverty, abuse or neglect are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour to meet their basic needs or to gain financial benefits. In fact, a study conducted by The Hamilton Project showed that “individuals growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to be convicted of crimes compared to those who grow up in more affluent areas.” This highlights the importance of addressing issues of poverty and neglect to reduce criminal behaviour.
Another perspective that the book looks into is the biological perspective. This perspective asserts that genes and biology also play a role in determining criminal behaviour. For instance, research has shown that individuals with low levels of MAOA, a gene associated with regulating mood, are prone to aggressive behaviour and criminal activity. Another study conducted by Joan Chiao, a psychologist at Northwestern University, suggested that “the amygdala – a region of the brain involved in managing emotions – may play a significant role in determining whether an individual is prone to criminal behaviour.” However, it is important to note that biology is not the sole determinant of criminal behaviour, but rather, interacts with other factors such as social environment to influence behaviour.
While these perspectives provide insight into the reasons behind criminal behaviour, the book also looks at interventions that could help reduce criminal behaviour. One intervention is cognitive-behavioral therapy, which aims to help individuals identify their negative thoughts and behaviours, and replace them with positive ones. Research has shown that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be effective in reducing criminal behaviour, especially in individuals with substance abuse problems.
Another intervention is restorative justice, which seeks to repair the harm caused by criminal behaviour by bringing together the victim, offender and the community. This approach provides an opportunity for the offender to take responsibility for their actions and make amends, while allowing the victim to have a voice in the process of repairing harm. A study conducted by the Ministry of Justice in the UK showed that “restorative justice can help reduce re-offending rates and improve victim satisfaction.”
Overall, “Why Crime?: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Explaining Criminal” sheds light on the different factors that contribute to criminal behaviour and the interventions that could help reduce it. By understanding the various perspectives, we can take a more holistic approach towards preventing and reducing criminal behaviour.
## The Role of Media in Shaping Criminal Behaviour
The media has been known to influence public perception of criminal behaviour, particularly through mainstream media such as news channels, movies, television shows and social media. This makes it crucial to explore the role of media in shaping criminal behaviour.
One way in which the media influences criminal behaviour is through the depiction of violence. Exposure to violent media has been linked to an increase in aggressive behaviour, particularly in children and adolescents. A study conducted by Brad Bushman, a professor of communication and psychology at The Ohio State University, found that “exposure to violent media can cause an increase in aggressive thoughts, behaviours and angry feelings in children, teenagers and adults.” This shows the need for media to be mindful of their content and the impact it could have on viewers.
Another way in which media can influence criminal behaviour is through the portrayal of certain groups as criminals. This can lead to stereotypes and biases against certain groups, which could result in discrimination and marginalisation. For instance, the portrayal of black communities as criminal in the media has led to increased discrimination against black people by law enforcement and the justice system.
However, the media can also play a positive role in reducing criminal behaviour. For instance, through the portrayal of positive role models, media can help change public perception of criminal behaviour. This can be achieved through shows and movies that showcase individuals who have overcome their criminal pasts and have gone on to lead successful lives. Such shows can inspire viewers to make positive changes in their lives.
Overall, the media has a significant role to play in shaping public perception of criminal behaviour. By being mindful of the content they put out, media organizations can help reduce criminal behaviour and promote positive behaviour.
| Problems | Solutions |
|---|---|
| Exposure to violent media leads to an increase in aggressive behaviour | The media should be mindful of their content and the impact it could have on viewers. They should refrain from portraying violence as an acceptable means of solving conflicts. |
| Portrayal of certain groups as criminals leads to discrimination and marginalisation | Media should be responsible and refrain from perpetuating stereotypes that could lead to discrimination against certain groups. They should also strive to showcase positive role models from all walks of life to promote diversity and inclusion. |
Overall, it is necessary to view the issue of crime from a holistic perspective and appreciate the different factors that contribute to criminal behaviour, including social, biological and environmental factors. By understanding these, we can take effective measures to prevent and reduce criminal behaviour. Additionally, media organizations should be mindful of the content they put out and aim to promote positive behavior rather than perpetuating negative stereotypes.
